Beowulf Themes - 1038 Words

Beowulf: Themes The Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf is the most important work of Old English literature, and is well deserved of the distinction. The epic tells the story of a hero, a Scandinavian prince named Beowulf, who rids the Danes of the monster Grendel, a descendent of Cain, and of his exploits fighting Grendel s mother and a Dragon. Throughout the epic, the Anglo-Saxon story teller uses many elements to build a certain depth to the characters. Just a few of the important character elements in Beowulf are Wealth Honor, Biblical Paganistic, and Man vs. Wild themes. Many of the characters in Beowulf are, like in most epics, defined by their status. But, in addition to status, the Anglo-Saxon culture also adds an element of†¦show more content†¦Another Biblical reference in Beowulf is shown in the tower of Herot which is very similar to the tower of Babel in the fact that it s built as a sign of superiority and accomplishment. Like Babel, though, Herot only serves as a symbol of downfall more than one of glory because it causes many deaths and the coming of Grendel. Apart from Wealth, Honor, and Paganistic vs. Biblical themes and motifs, character is also shown through a certain Man vs. Wild motif. This motif shows the difference between mankind s ways (good), and evil s wild nature (evil). Grendel for one, is totally wild and is therefore shown as evil. His wild home, Grendel, who haunted the moors, the wild marshes, and made his home in a hell not hell but earth. shows his wild, untamed, and therefor evil nature. Grendel s wilderness is countered in mankind s ways, especially Beowulf s. Beowulf is tame and civilized, the epitomy of goodness and purity. Beowulf doesn t fight evil in a wild manner, rather, as shown in his first battle with Grendel. First off, Beowulf is pure and shows this before his battle when he removes his armor and vows not to use a weapon to defeat Grendel. Defeating Grendel, he shows that man, without armor and weapons, can defeat evil in any form including that of his foe Grendel. This deed serves throughout the epic serves as a symbol of BeowulfShow MoreRelatedThemes In Beowulf1510 Words   |  7 Pagesbeginning of Beowulf we are able to understand and see the central themes and points that are being focused on. From the assigned readings of Beowulf and after finishing the entire piece I found it stuck with its major theme in which we are given from the prologue of the story. From the start of the story we are able to identify with Scyld Scefing and his role as king and leader. Power plays a major role and theme throughout the entire story which allows the story to flow well and keep the theme strongRead MoreTheme Of Death In Beowulf952 Words   |  4 Pagesimmortal is fiction. Beowulf as often as not regards himself as the one who can conquer all. Beowulf like others is ignorant towards his own mortality. Even though, Beowulf is successful in his earliest battles he still remains careless to the understanding that he will die. The concept of mortality was something Beowulf was faced with time and time again. Beowulf had to discover how accepting one’s fate can later become the most rewarding. In the opening prologue of Beowulf, we are immediately beingRead MoreThe Religious Themes Of The Epic Of Beowulf1485 Words   |  6 PagesIn Beowulf, two types of religion are portrayed by one unknown author, and play an important role in the interpretation of the epic poem. Paganism is one of the religions that are portrayed in the epic, and it is speculated that before it was written and recorded that the work was actually focused around a Pagan belief system before the Christian coloring and allusions were added. Christianity is the second religion being portrayed in this Epic Poem. It is theorized that a monk was the one that addedRead MoreBeowulf Theme: Traditions and Customs1380 Words   |  6 Pages Beowulf: Traditions and Customs A huge theme in the story of Beowulf involves the traditions and customs of the people because characters are repeatedly asked to tell about themselves, always rewarded for sacrificing for the greater good, and constantly showing loyalty to their king or leader. When traveling to another land, the traveler is asked to state his name, family, home,and purpose. If something is done for the good of the king and the people, those warriors are rewarded with praise, treasuresRead MoreThe Four Main Themes Of Beowulf1376 Words   |  6 PagesBeowulf, the oldest of the great long poems written in English, may have been composed more than twelve hundred years ago, in the first half of the eighteenth century, although some scholars would place it as late as the tenth century. After reading Beowulf many times, I was able to get to know the characters, as well as gain some insight of the many themes portrayed throughout the poem. The story of Beowulf is not the easiest to understand, and is also extremely complex. But, with that said, thisRead MoreWhat Is The Theme Of Beowulf1060 Words   |  5 PagesThe gripping poem of Beowulf tells the story of a young Scandinavian hero who was swept into a world of vengeance through his ancestry. The protagonist, Beowulf, resides in Geatland waiting for the perfect opportunity to show his community his worth. During the Anglo-Saxon time period in which the poem took place, lineage was a critical piece of social hierarchy. A person’s lineage determined the amount respect other warriors would treat them with, in addition to the debt owed to other tribes. YearsRead MoreHeroism Main Theme in Beowulf3076 Words   |  13 PagesThe main theme of Beowulf is heroism. This involves far more than physical courage. It also means that the warrior must fulfill his obligations to the group of which he is a key member. There is a clear-cut network of social duties depicted in the poem. The king has an obligation to behave with generosity. He must reward his thanes with valuable gifts for their defense of the tribe and their success in battle. This is why King Hrothgar is known as the â€Å"ring-giver.† He behaves according toRead More themebeo Epic of Beowulf Essay - Theme and Style of Beowulf2716 Words   |  11 PagesThe Theme and Style of Beowulf  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Interpretations of Beowulf’s theme vary much more than commentary on the poet’s style. In this essay I hope to state clearly some of the popularly mentioned themes running through the poem, and to carefully delineate many aspects of the author’s style.    â€Å"Many critics feel that the speech of Hrothgar between lines 1700 and 1784 encapsulates the moral of the poem†¦.’He does not know the worse – till inside him great arrogance grows andRead More The Theme of the Epic Poem, Beowulf Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Beowulf      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Interpretations of Beowulf vary. In this essay I hope to state clearly some of the popularly mentioned themes running through the poem.    â€Å"Many critics feel that the speech of Hrothgar between lines 1700 and 1784 encapsulates the moral of the poem†¦.’He does not know the worse – till inside him great arrogance grows and spreads’† (Shippey 38). Hrothgar’s ominous words do come back to haunt the hero more than once. Beowulf is a braggart; he is proud, andRead MoreRevenge: A Theme in Beowulf Essay638 Words   |  3 Pages Have you ever wanted to avenge a wrong doing done unto you? Well, the characters in Beowulf will stop at nothing to achieve vengeance. Revenge is so immensely practiced that it is a common act to pay of a deed done by an offender. However, a payment or truce does not satisfy the desire for revenge in the Poem. Every time a Character precedes to make peace, it eventually falls apart by a desire to avenge loved ones. This desire is usually upheld until someone is no longer left to be avenged

With The Recent Election Being Highly Controversial And

With the recent election being highly controversial and contested the United States finds itself with an incredibly volatile and inclement political climate. While the United States continues to face social and political issues rap music and its artist have been a source to document the oppression that is still occurring within the country. Documenting racism and oppression by using politically charged lyrics is a method the rap community is particularly familiar. As time went on rap artists began to become more politically informed and began to shine through their lyrics to become sources to start a national dialogue. Rap artists like Tupac Shakur, Chuck D, Chance the Rapper, and Kendrick Lamar have been fundamental pieces of the†¦show more content†¦Price: Comparison of Culture and Work The historical parallel of culture and how both received criticisms is remarkable comparison between the two art forms. In the scholarly article, â€Å"Hegemony, Hope, and the Harlem Renaissance: Taking Hip Hop Culture Seriously author, Robert Price, offers an excellent depiction of the similarity between the two art forms and provides the reader with several examples of how both groups of artists had the same beginnings and culture. Price offers a comparative analysis of the two cultures by demonstrating how both groups faced criticism from outside sources but even faced criticism within the African American community. Price builds upon the idea by describing the paradigm shift that both the rap artists and the protest poets had faced. Price uses Bill Cosby as an example of a critic of the culture rap music created and truly does not believe in the use of rap music as a political beacon to start a national dialogue for the oppression of the African American community. After offeri ng Cosby as an example as a critic of rap culture Price begins to offer an analysis of a paradigm shift between the new and old generation. Price offers an example of the paradigm shift by stating, â€Å"The generational shift at work in hip-hop culture as the new ideological nexus for black culture has implications for adult educators and administrators who need to take these cultural shifts seriously. When paradigmsShow MoreRelatedLeadership : The Great Man Theory And The Trait Theory Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pagesthem a great value. I highly regard the Trait theory because I have an admiration for people that have strong positive traits. It is noticeable and commendable when someone builds their reputation or legacy around a positive cardinal trait. Some of the greatest leaders in history can further exemplify this principle. Napoleon was a small man in stature, but his charisma led his soldiers to being highly disciplined and successful. Abraham Lincoln was president at a con troversial time, but his honestyRead MoreHarry Potter s The Casual Vacancy1596 Words   |  7 Pagesthe â€Å"pretty little town† (Tait). J.K. Rowling’s The Casual Vacancy, Krystal Weedon is the troubled hero of the novel as she struggles to overcome difficulties in her life after the death of her mentor, Barry Fairbrother. The author behind this controversial narrative has become one of the world’s most decorated authors due to the widespread success of her novels. Although she is well-known today, Rowling had very humble beginnings. Born on July 31, 1965 to Peter and Anne Rowling, Joanne became theRead MoreThe iranian Regime and Dehumanization1282 Words   |  5 Pageseight stages to genocide, was utilized by the Iranian Government following the 2009 election in order to force a silence and content over their population that continues today. 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One majorRead MoreThe Birth of Modern Politics1701 Words   |  7 Pagesthe book The Birth of Modern Politics Lynn Hudson Parsons claims that the 1828 election was momentous in the history of both political history, as well as our nation. Parsons not only discusses the behind the scenes of the first public election of 1828, but the pivotal events in Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams’ lives leading up to the election as well. Parsons succeeds in proving her thesis that the 1828 election was crucial to American politics as we know it today, as well as provoking evidenceRead MorePrivate Military Contractors and the Middle East1433 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresentatives throughout other countries, it is crucial to keep thes e foreign contractors hidden. A number of reports have been released from Syrian Forces, saying 300 PMC’s have been captured in 2012. PMC involvement in other countries has become a highly controversial matter, in the face that a country’s military government can be corrupted. For example, the situation regarding American troops in Afghanistan shows no efficient method of tracking or monitoring other PMC’s. Certain contractors placed aroundRead MoreHow the Media has Influenced Peoples Thoughts on homosexuality1410 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen a core group fear, scrutiny, and confusion within the reports of varied mediums of exposure since as early as the 1950s. The highly convincing nature of the media’s influence is deeply rooted as truth within the minds of just about every person in America. No matter where you look or turn, in this day and age you cannot avoid the topic of homosexuality. It is being discussed in the news, books, television shows, movie s, and as we have most recently now in politics. Since they are labeled to be

Analysis of A Clean Well-Lighted Place by Ernest...

Ernest Hemingways short story, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place, first published in 1933, is written in his characteristic terse style. It is the story of two waiters having a conversation in a cafà ©, just before closing up and going home for the night. They cannot leave because they still have a customer. One is anxious to get home to his wife, while the other sympathizes with the old man sitting at the table. Without realizing it, they are discussing the meaning of life. I believe that the story takes place during WWI in Spain. There is a soldier walking on the street with a girl. The waiters comment that the guard will pick them up soon if they do not get inside. It is between 2:00 and 3:00 a.m. because the cafe is about to close†¦show more content†¦He is also afraid of growing old. He says, â€Å"I wouldn’t want to be that old. An old man is a nasty thing.† He is also anxious to get home to his wife. The older waiter is much more understanding of th e old man’s situation. He knows what it feels like to be lonely. He knows the desire to stay in the light that staves off the darkness, a darkness that brings thoughts of how lonely you really are. There is an emptiness in him can only be filled with the cleanliness and light of the cafà ©. He feels that this is the same for the old man. The third character is the old man. What we know of him is that he is deaf and passes every night getting drunk at the cafà ©. It is believed by the waiters that he has plenty of money. After all, he can afford to sit and get drunk every night. Even when he is drunk, he is incredibly neat. â€Å"This old man is clean. He drinks without spilling. Even now, drunk.† He is filled with despair, which may be the reason that he tried to hang himself the week before. He is taken care of by his niece, since she was the one who saved him when he tried to kill himself. He may have been married at one time. He has no real desire to go home, since he waits until the waiters cut him off before he leaves. This story is a tale of emptiness and loneliness and how different people deal with it. The younger waiter, who does not feel either, goes home to his wife. The older waiter feels both and looksShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Ernest Hemingway s Hills Like White Elephants And A Clean Well Lighted Place 2195 Words   |  9 PagesMathew Muller ENG 215 Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway has this uncanny, yet, clear and distinctive writing style, that has made him a successful author and a means of many criticisms. One critic in particular, David M. Wyatt, says that Hemingway has a way of making the beginning of his stories â€Å"raise the very specter of the end against which they are so concerned to defend.† (Wyatt). In his two short stories, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† and â€Å"A Clean-Well Lighted Place, Hemingway draws out this uncannyRead MoreAnalytical Essay : Dead Man s Path By Chinua Achebe And A Clean, Well Lighted Place1337 Words   |  6 Pagestake the word analytical it is asking you to analyze the literature. I will be taking a deeper look into three different short stories. Two of my favorite short stories this semester were Dead Man s Path† by Chinua Achebe and â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† By Ernest Hemingway. My third choice was a short story by Viginia Woolf called â€Å"A Haunted House.â €  â€Å"Dead Man’s Path† was written by a man named Chinua Achebe who was a devout christian. He was very talented and began learning English by the age ofRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Hills Like White Elephants Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesErnest Miller Hemingway is known for his unique style and theories of writing, especially the iceberg theory. In the Death of the Afternoon, Hemingway says that â€Å"The dignity of movement of an ice-berg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. A writer who omits things because he does not know them only makes hollow places in his writing.† (92) Simple words, vivid images, rich emotions and deep thoughts are the four basic elements of the iceberg theory. Talk about how these stories illustrateRead MoreA Clean, Well Lighted Place By Ernest Hemingway1950 Words   |  8 Pageseverything humanity values in life is utterly meaningless. The author Ernest Hemingway is one of the few people who understands this concept of a pointless life. In his short story, â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place,† Hemingway reveals the principle of existentialism, that life is inherently meaningless and people must attempt to give their own lives purpose, through an analysis of the inner workings of life as a human. Hemingway first reveals life’s meaningless nature through a description of the coreRead More Comparing James Joyces Araby and Ernest Hemingways A Clean, Well-Lighted Place1363 Words   |  6 PagesComparing James Joyces Araby and Ernest Hemingways A Clean, Well-Lighted Place As divergent as James Joyces Araby and Ernest Hemingways A Clean, Well-Lighted Place are in style, they handle many of the same themes. Both stories explore hope, anguish, faith, and despair. While Araby depicts a youth being set up for his first great disappointment, and A Clean, Well-Lighted Place shows two older men who have long ago settled for despair, both stories use a number of analogous symbolsRead MoreA Clean Well Lighted Place1545 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Miller Hemingway, in 1933 transcribed a story called A Clean Well-Lighted Place in a Spanish Cafà ©. Ernest focused on two waiters and a patron that frequents the cafà © nightly. One late night this the same old man was getting drunk as usual, and wasn’t ready to leave. The young waiter was getting upset, because he wanted him to leave because he was ready to go home. The older waiter was telling him, to calm down it isn’t that serious, we have to wait until the last customer goes home. Read More Differing Perspectives of Life in A Clean, Well-Lighted Place, By Hemingway1557 Words   |  7 PagesPerspectives of Life in A Clean, Well-Lighted Place A Clean, Well-Lighted Place was written by Hemingway in 1933.   It details an evenings interaction between two waiters, and their differing perspectives of life.   Hemingway uses an old man as a patron to demonstrate the waiters philosophies. Hemingway is also visible in the story as the old man, someone who society says should be content, but has a significant empty feeling inside. This essay will present a line-by-line analysis, with emphasis onRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesdeal of coherence. The chapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporary texts in informal logic – keeping an eye on the sorts of arguments

Essay On Taxing Assets - 1456 Words

A government taxing their constituency based upon their estate dates back over two thousand years ago. In 700 B.C. the ancient Egyptians placed taxes on transfers of property at death. Subsequently the Roman Emperor, August Caesar, placed a tax on successions of realities of the deceased. As societies grew along with it grew and modified the idea of an estate tax and taxation in general. In America specifically taxing assets was first realized with the implementation of the Stamp Act of 1797. This act required a federal stamp on wills in probate. However this was repealed in 1802. In the decades to come estate taxes were viewed to be necessary to raise the funds to finance wars. The Revenue Act of 1862 implemented a federal inheritance tax†¦show more content†¦There was also a tax placed on estates and excess business profits. However unlike in pervious times in American history, this tax did not go away following World War One. Throughout the lifetime of the act it has expe rienced numerous changes but could be cited as the core foundation that assisted in the establishment of the current estate tax. Estate taxes are defined as the taxes on privilege of transferring property at death and are typically determined by the size of the decedent’s estate. This consists of counting everything a decedent owns or has interests in at the date of death and determining their fair market value (Jacobson). The gross estate is then taken, while permitting deductions and a taxable estate if made. Since the act of 1916, the ever changing landscape of taxation can be broken down into two distinct time periods. These periods are 1916-1948 and 1976 to present. The first notable change following the Revenue Act of 1916 was a tax placed on inter vivo gifts. This then became a permanent feature in 1932 and was due to the fact that congress recognized the wealthy individual’s ability to find a loophole to avoid such estate taxation by giving things away as a gift. In 1935 alternate valuation was implemented through the Revenue act of that same year. This then allowed for an estate to be valued 1 year following a descents death. This was then later altered to just sixShow MoreRelatedProposal Tax Policy For A New Er Promoting Economic Growth And Fairness1130 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic Growth and Fairness, a dual income tax system has been introduced that would boost economic growth and increase tax fairness. The new system contains a single, low rate on all capital income, coupled with a higher top tax bracket on wages. This essay, however, will focus on analyzing Miligan s arguments in reforming the tax system. In this report, Milli gan mentions two trends that raise concerns for current Canadian tax system. The first one is the increasing income concentration. More and moreRead MoreTax Pensions : A Solution To The Public Pension Crisis1407 Words   |  6 Pagespotential 150-percent increase in property taxes.† (2014, pg. 1) However, a 150-percent property tax rate increase may not be the answer in order to resolve Kentucky’s pension deficit, as it will only increase taxes for property owners instead of taxing all Kentucky residents. Instead, increasing taxes statewide via sales tax or by income tax could produce immediate, and much needed, revenue. Additionally, insuring that current educators maintain their employment benefits as promised to them uponRead MoreFaculty of Business Studies1287 Words   |  6 PagesFaculty of Business Studies BE-210 TMA-1 DUE DATE 26th December Part A: Essay Questions (25) 1. Define accounting. Accounting is the information system that measures business activity, progress the data into reports and communicates the results to decision makers. And accounting is the language of business. The better you understand the language of business the better you can manage your own business. For example, how will you decide whether or not to borrow money? YouRead MoreBusiness and Its Publics: Cycle 1 Essay1697 Words   |  7 Pagesshould be regulated by the government or be shouldered by the corporations that cause them. Edward Freeman, a famous economist, champions efficient markets in his essay Managing for Stakeholders. According to Freeman, companies should integrate corporate social responsibility (CSR) into all of its assets; he believes every corporate asset creates the same value and has the same responsibility for enacting social change (Friedman, 43). Before assessing the validity of Freeman’s argument, it is importantRead MoreImportance of Financial Statements to Managers, Investors and Creditors1095 Words   |  5 PagesDinh Thi Quyen Class: A4 – LT6B Number: 24 Essay: Importance of financial statements to managers, investors and creditors Financial statements are important reports. They show how a business is doing and are very useful internally for a companys stockholders and to its board of directors, its managers and some employees, including labor unions. Externally, they are important to prospective investors, to government agencies responsible for taxing and regulating, to lenders such as banks andRead MoreThe Shareholder Approach For Managerial Responsibility Essay1403 Words   |  6 Pagesis to Increase Profits†. In essence, that article states that the responsibility of a manager is solely to the shareholders; he or she must follow the shareholders’ interests as long as it stays within legal and certain social parameters. In this essay, I will further explain Friedman’s arguments, address main counterpoints, and ultimately argue that Friedman’s conclusion is a correct and normative view of the moral responsibility from the perspective of management in a non-private company. TheRead More Satire and the Deployment of Irony in A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift2769 Words   |  12 PagesSatire and the Deployment of Irony in A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift Therefore let no man talk to me of other expedients: of taxing our absentees at 5s. a pound: of using neither clothes, nor household furniture, except what is of our own growth and manufacture: of utterly rejecting the materials and instruments that promote foreign luxury: of curing the expensiveness of pride, vanity, idleness, and gaming in our women: of introducing a vein of parsimony, prudence and temperance: ofRead MoreVisual Arts As A Career1395 Words   |  6 Pagescompany market their product in an effective way. It may be challenging to find your niche at first. Do not give up on your dream too soon. If you feel the drive to create, then you can do so successfully somewhere in the creative world. In this essay I am going to explore what it is like to be a working artist. Even though there are many career paths in this field, self supporting artists have many of the same benefits and challenges. As a young student myself, I have many questions about thisRead MoreFreedom Isnt Free1560 Words   |  7 PagesSean Andrew Drop 218 Lee Road 550, Phenix City, AL 36870 (334) 298-3025 SSKareBear@aol.com DOB: August 30, 1994 Senior in High School Pacelli High School (706) 561-8232 Word Count: 1500 â€Å"I have read and understand the guidelines. The essay submitted is original and of my own creation.† Freedom isn’t Free By: Sean Andrew Drop Freedom isn’t Free When our founding fathers were drafting out the Declaration of Independence they knew then that the British were not going to take our stanceRead MoreFlat Tax System Essays1742 Words   |  7 Pages The current tax system is extremely complicated and punishes those who are successful by taxing people more than the average citizens. If flat tax were to be in the United States it would create fairness within the economy and be less complicated. Flat tax would not punish people for having higher income; instead flat tax would create equality to all tax payers. The taxpayers would not be complaining to the neighbors or their close relatives about their tax rates and how different they are from

Educational Environment free essay sample

It could be a physical component, which is known as physical environment or a-biotic environment that includes the built environment. The natural surroundings like air conditions, water, land, atmosphere etc are also the part of physical environment but they are commonly known as natural environment. People surrounding the item or thing, this type of environment is known as human environment. This is also known as the social environment and includes elements like the religious environment, emotional environment, residence, relations etc. Types of Environment There are mainly three types of environment- 1. The Physical environment It is also known as a-biotic environment and natural environment. The meaning of ‘a-biotic’ or ‘physical’ is non living like land water air conditions atmosphere which constitutes of soil. So we can say that physical or a-biotic environment is the environment which includes non living or physical things which are constitutes of soil and affect the living things. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Environment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The physical or a-biotic environment also includes the climatic factors such as sunbeams, rainwater, precipitation, moisture, pressure and wind speed. The Importance of Physical Environment Just think, the most important thing to make house is residential space, and for residential space, we need land area. The land area is included in physical environment. So it is responsible for the residential for living beings. The a-biotic environment like soil, water and air are the necessary nutrients element provider for the living beings. All of living beings are surrounded by atmosphere; it is the combination of different types of gases. The living beings take oxygen and other gases from the atmosphere. The a-biotic environment also controls the climatic factors like weather. The physical environment also includes the soil which is responsible for the works and food crops for the living beings. It also provides different types of minerals which are very necessary for growth of life Water is one of the most necessary things for living beings. Physical environment also deals with the water factor of the earth. 2. Biotic environment It is also known as biological environment and organic environment. In the opposite side of the physical environment, the biotic or biological environment is responsible for the living beings. You have already understood that the meaning of ‘biological’ is living things. So, the biological environment is the environment which involves the living part of the earth. The importance of biotic environment In this type of environment includes the plants, trees, animals, mammals, underwater living beings including human beings and microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. There is a concept which is necessary to understand. The living beings are highly dependent to each other. For example humans are highly depend upon plants and trees for food and oxygen, and plants and trees are also depend upon humans and animals because of co2. 3. Social or cultural environment This type of environment involves the culture and life style of the human beings. The social or cultural environment means the environment which is created by the man through his different social and cultural activities and thinking. The historical, cultural, political, moral, economic aspects of human life constitute to the social or cultural environment. The Importance of Social or Cultural Environment Culture involves the religion of the human, relations with each other etc. In a society there involve different types of people, they have different religion, different thinking, which has culture of its own and posses people having their own life style. The social or culture environment affects the social culture of human beings and hence it has the great importance. The development of a child is highly depends upon culture and society. Environmental Elements The following is a comprehensive list of elements of the environment. Earth „ Geology „ Soils „ Topography „ Unique physical features „ Erosion/enlargement of land area (accretion) Air „ Air quality „ Odor „ Climate Water „ Surface water movement/quantity/quality „ Runoff/absorption „ Floods „ Groundwater movement—quantity/quality „ Public water supplies Plants and Animals „ Habitat for/numbers of/diversity of species (i. e. , plants, fish, other wildlife) „ Unique species „ Fish or wildlife migration routes Energy and Natural Resources „ Amount required/rate of use/efficiency [Greenhouse Gas Emissions] „ Source/availability „ Non-renewable resources Conservation and renewable resources Environmental Issues in Developing Countries In developing countries seeking to expand their economic activities, consideration for environmental conservation often receives a low priority. In addition, approaches used in industrialized countries ofte n cannot be applied directly in developing countries. In this context, NIES is conducting research on ways to conserve the environment that are appropriate for developing country conditions. Water quality and air pollution are serious problems in developing countries in the Asian region. Air pollution in major cities marked by many factories and heavy vehicle traffic also have high concentrations of sulfur dioxide and suspended particulate matter (SPM), at levels Japan experienced in the past. In addition, problems such as damage from acid rain and transboundary pollution are growing more serious. Pollution of rivers and lakes from chemical substances (including agricultural chemicals) and eutrophication (including abnormal growth of toxic algae) are also occurring more frequently, while water shortages and tropical forest destruction are worsening. Rapid growth population is usually accomplished by serious environmental degradation, including soil erosion, desertification and deforestation. Deforestation cause soil erosion, increase flooding, drought and the displacement of whole society and cultures. The main cause of current and projected lack of availability of adequate among of fresh water include poor management linked to lack of adequate conservation, in adequately treated sewage and industrial waste, loss of natural water catchment areas etc and pollute linked to poor agricultural practices which release pesticides and other harmful chemicals into ground water. Air pollution from the increased use of fossil fuels is harming human health, causing acid rain, which is turn damages whole ecosystem and increase the build-up of atmospheric co2 and the likelihood of global warming and climate instability. ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION Environmental education is a learning process that increases peoples knowledge and awareness about the environment and associated challenges, develops the necessary skills and expertise to address the challenges. IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION Our planet is now at a crossroads. So environmental education is very necessary to give awareness and control the different environmental issues. Environmental education uses environmental issues and topics as a theme to weave into all subjects and grades. This ensures all students will have many opportunities to acquire the knowledge, skills, perspectives and practices they need to become environmentally literate citizens. There will also be opportunities for students to address environmental issues in their homes, in their local communities, or at the global level.

Challenges and Security in Big Data Analysis †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discussn about the Challenges and Security in Big Data Analysis. Answer: Introduction: Big data is the large volume of data stored on the internet. The organizations are facing problems in managing the complex data for retrieval. The management of big data is capable of resolving the issues related with retrieval of information. The advancement in big data management plays a vital role in taking efficient decision related with the critical region of enterprise by providing instant information (Sinanc, 2015). The environment of big data can be characterised by handling data in petabytes, distribution and management of redundant data for storage, leveraging the processing related with parallel tasks, increasing the capabilities of data processing, efficient in insertion and retrieval of information, and central management of data. In this paper we are going to focus on the security and privacy concerns associated with the management of big data over the network and what are the possible solutions to handle the big data (Wayne, 2013). The architecture of the big data envi ronment is characterised with the 5 Vs model which are composed of variety, volume, veracity, velocity and value. The following diagram shows the characteristics of the big data environment. Requirement of security in the management of big data: The security issues associated with the big data should be handled adequately because the inefficiency of the security procedures will lead to the consequences of legal issues (Muoro, 2013). The traditional security procedures are not adequate to handle the big data available on the cloud. The management of security problems associated with the handling of big data involves the inclusion of encryption policies, detection by using honey pot, and logging technique. The increase in the volume of data available on the network will results into the birth of security and privacy challenges associated with the streamlining of the data (Munaye, 2013). The following table shows the list of security and privacy issues associated with Big data: Security and privacy issues Description Security associated with the big data infrastructure Security issues related with the development of framework for distributed programming The data stored in the non-relational databases Parallel programming infrastructure involves the large amount of data for performing its tasks simultaneously (Schmitt, 2013). It makes use of map reduction techniques for handling data. The inclusion of iterative procedures can create the scenario of privacy and security issues (Moreno, 2016). Privacy issues with non-relational data management Scalability in using the technology of data analytics and mining Security issues associated with the central management of the data Access control associated with the data management The NOSQL databases are weak in security infrastructure Data storage at central database Storing the data on transactional logs Auditing of the granular data Provenance associated with the management of central data The use of multi-tiered devices for storing the data can create the problem of accuracy and exponential increase of data. Integrity of data management Validation and filtering of end point data Monitoring of the security issues associated with the real time management system The multiple sources used for collecting the data requires special attention of security The checking of validity of the data is the major security concern (Parms, 2013) Exposure to the common security vulnerabilities No reporting of vulnerabilities associated with the internal working of the enterprise Security issues associated with the web interface The exploitation of the interface due to scripting of the cross-site architecture (Neves, 2016). Forgery associated with the injection of SQL statements The security concern should be taken under consideration for monitoring the leakages of the sensitive information. Security issues associated with the authorization techniques The password policy are not followed for the development of strong password Security services provided by the network are inefficient The attacker can hack the big data from the network due to the inefficiency of the security services. Inefficiency in the encryption policies The eavesdropping attack get associated with the IoT devices Insecurity in the interface used by the cloud environment The inefficiency in the authentication protocols can result into hacking attack Insecurity in the interface used by the mobile devices The inefficiency in the authentication protocols can result into hacking attack Inefficiency in the security configuration The configuration is of poor quality for controlling the transfer of data Physical security is not accurate The planning of the physical infrastructure is not adequate Monitoring of the real time data management The focus should be given on the infrastructure for efficient working in the real time environment. The focus should be given on the data analytics and mining techniques used for providing data in the big data environment The implementation of alert management system with every node is the problematic area with the handling of big data. Enforcement of the data centric procedures The data visibility associated with the operating system Encapsulation of the cryptographic techniques Access control The authorised and authenticated users should be provided with the accessible gateway of data for using it. The use of authentication protocol is the major concern of the big Data management system. The precision of data should be taken into consideration for enforcing the sharing of data. Validation and filtering procedures used for input data at end points Validation and filtering of end point data Monitoring of the security issues associated with the real time management system The multiple sources used for collecting the data requires special attention of security The checking of validity of the data is the major security concern Provenance of data The use of metadata creates the complexity of data transfer in the big data environment. Identification of dependencies is the critical scenario for the management of big data The confidentiality of the big data application is the complex and critical region for handling Impact of the security issues: The impact of the security issues associated with the big data management is listed below: Security associated with the parallel programming distributed frameworks Storing of data on the non-relational databases Logging procedures used for data storage In carrying out the validation and filtering process with the end data management system Monitoring procedures used for real time infrastructure Scalability and privacy issues associated with data analytics and mining techniques Enforcement of the data centric storage system Access control used on managing granular data (Cloud security alliance, 2012) Auditing and logging procedures used on granular data Provenance of the data management Proposed Security framework for managing big data: The security of the big data can be managed with the implementation of the proposed framework in the working curriculum of the organization used for handling the big data (Yosepu, 2015). The security infrastructure of the big data depends on five components which are classified as below: Management of the big data associated with the enterprise Identification and accessing of the big data on demand of the user Procedures used for protecting privacy of data during sharing or data retrieval Security procedures used for network handling Proposed infrastructure for managing integrity of the big data of the organization These major divisions are divided into sub modules for handling the big data securely over the web which can be classified from the diagram below: The management of big data security issues depends on restricting unauthorised accessing of data, accountability, development of the balance between activities and network approach (Gahi, 2013). The focus should be given on accessing data from the central database to overcome the possibility of critical attack. The security should be provided to the sensitive data to achieve the integrity between the associated data. The data redaction is capable of providing external level data security. The time management techniques should be used for fetching the data from the central database. The process of tokenization is used for accessing data services from the network. Fully homo-morphic encryption is the most recommendable solution for the smooth functioning of big data available on the cloud network. The decryption procedures are followed at the receiver end to obtain the plain text. The trustworthy data should be stored on the network. The ethical consideration should be given preference to store the data over the network (Singh, 2016). The access controls should be provided for fetching the data in the authorised manner. The restriction should be provided on accessing the information from the cloud network. The stored data on the network should be possessed with authorisation techniques to periodically performing the auditing of the security procedures. The authentication protocols should be used for accessing the information from the central database. The sensitivity of the information should be kept confidential with the use of encryption and cryptographic procedures. The communication procedures should be used for ensuring the sensitivity and integrity of the big data of the enterprise. The threat intelligence should be used for monitoring the security procedures for real time system. The granularity of the data can be achieved with the use of attribute based encryption procedures. The security concern should be taken under consideration for monitoring the leak ages of the sensitive information (Gaddam, 2015). The risk identification and risks assessment matrix should be prepared to provide strategic and tactical solution to the organisation to overcome the situation of complexity arises with the management of big data. The ethical standards and policies should be used to restrict the hacker from carrying over hacking activities. The data should be stored in the structured manner to enhance the retrieval of the information on the demand of the user. Conclusion: The management of security problems associated with the handling of big data involves the inclusion of encryption policies, detection by using honey pot, and logging technique. The increase in the volume of data available on the network will results into the birth of security and privacy challenges associated with the streamlining of the data. The management of big data security issues depends on restricting unauthorised accessing of data, accountability, development of the balance between activities and network approach. The security of the big data can be managed with the implementation of the proposed framework in the working curriculum of the organization used for handling the big data. References: Cloud security alliance. (2012).Top 10 big data security and privacy challenges. Retrieved fromhttps://www.isaca.org/Groups/Professional-English/big-data/GroupDocuments/Big_Data_Top_Ten_v1.pdf Gaddam, A. (2015).Securing your big data environment. Retrieved from https://www.blackhat.com/docs/us-15/materials/us-15-Gaddam-Securing-Your-Big-Data-Environment-wp.pdf Gahi, Y. (2013).Big data analytics: Security and privacy challenges. Retrieved from https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7543859/ Moreno, J. (2016).Main issues in big data security. Retrieved from https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=privacy%20and%20security%20issues%20associated%20with%20big%20datasource=webcd=7cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwirztOmyrjWAhUDpo8KHW6cBJIQFghSMAYurl=https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/8/3/44/pdfusg=AFQjCNFHsoHVfDYme1RD4ap8g9yIPe5Eqw Moura, J. (2013).Security and privacy issues with Big data. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1601/1601.06206.pdf Munaye, Y. (2016).Big data security issues, challenges and future scope. Retrieved from https://www.iaeme.com/MasterAdmin/uploadfolder/IJCET_07_04_002-2/IJCET_07_04_002-2.pdf Neves, P. (2016).Big data in cloud computing: Features and issues. Retrieved from https://acme.able.cs.cmu.edu/pubs/uploads/pdf/IoTBD_2016_10.pdf Parms, J. (2013).Emerging big data scenarios has caused privacy and security concerns. https://www.business.com/articles/privacy-and-security-issues-in-the-age-of-big-data/ Schmitt, C. (2013).Security and privacy in the era of big data. Retrieved from https://www.renci.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/0213WhitePaper-SMW.pdf Sinanc, D. (2015).A survey on security and privacy issues in big data. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300413833_A_survey_on_security_and_privacy_issues_in_big_data Singh, R. (2016).Challenges and security issues in big data analysis. Retrieved from https://www.ijirset.com/upload/2016/january/32_Challenges.pdf Wayne, A. (2013).Securing the big data life cycle. Retrieved from https://files.technologyreview.com/whitepapers/Oracle-Securing-the-Big-Data-Life-Cycle.pdf Yosepu, C. (2015).A study on security and privacy in big data processing. Retrieved from https://www.ijircce.com/upload/2015/december/41_A_Study.pdf